IPCC

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to assess scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information relevant to understanding climate change. It operates through three working groups: one on the physical science basis of climate change, one on impacts and adaptation, and one on mitigation. The IPCC does not conduct original research but synthesizes peer-reviewed literature into comprehensive assessment reports, which have become the gold standard for climate science consensus and inform international climate negotiations.

The organization has published six major assessment reports since 1990, with the most recent (AR6) completed in 2023. Each report undergoes rigorous review by thousands of scientists and government representatives worldwide. IPCC reports have been instrumental in shaping climate policy, including the Paris Agreement, and the organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 (jointly with Al Gore) for its efforts to build and disseminate knowledge about climate change.